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Higher education report for the 2001 to 2003 triennium

2.3

Diversification of Australia’s international education and training focus

During the 1990s, Australia’s international higher education interests were firmly focused on the countries of the Asia-Pacific region, and Australia developed strong relationships in the field of education and training with countries in the region. DETYA has broadened its earlier approach, through three main strategies:

  • the active consolidation of the relationships Australia already enjoys with regional countries such as Malaysia, Thailand and Japan;

  • an intensification of the relationship with other countries, such as China and India; and

  • an examination of three regions which present significant future opportunities for Australia’s higher education industry: Europe, North America and South America.

In our immediate region, Australia has pursued a policy of building on existing strengths by pursuing dialogue and cooperative activity under Memoranda of Understanding (MOU) with traditional partner countries. For example, in September 2000 a Joint Working Group meeting was held in Canberra between DETYA and the Malaysian Ministry of Education, to discuss education developments and consider a range of cooperative projects.

Australia has an increasingly strong, cooperative government relationship with China supported by high level visits and project activity, particularly in the higher education and vocational education and training sectors. Under the MOU on Cooperation in Education and Training between Australia and China, the Chinese Government recently examined the comparability of Australian and Chinese higher education qualifications. This provides a sound foundation for further education and training collaboration, especially in research, and academic and student exchange.

Australia has long-standing ties with many of the countries of the European Union (EU), which is Australia’s largest overseas market for services and second-largest source of foreign investment. The countries of the EU are also an important source of partner institutions for Australian universities, which have developed more than 700 agreements with institutions in EU member states. The Australia-European Union Seminar on Educational Cooperation was held in Brussels on 18–19 July 2000, to explore possible avenues for increased education cooperation. In addition to DETYA representatives, the Australian delegation included representation from the Commonwealth and State governments, the Australian Vice-Chancellors’ Committee (AVCC) and the Australian National Training Authority (ANTA). The seminar involved the exchange of information in areas such as quality assurance, the internationalisation of education, mutual recognition of qualifications and credit transfer, and sectoral links between vocational education and training and higher education.

North and South America also present the Australian higher education sector with significant opportunities for diversifying its international engagement in education and training. Australia is looking at present to a renewal of the MOU on Cooperation in Education and Related Training with the United States of America and is also promoting a deeper engagement with its USA Fulbright programme, including an Enrichment Seminar programme for the incoming 22 USA Fulbright scholars which will be conducted by the Australian-American Educational Foundation in February 2001. Australia hosted a Guest of Government visit by the Argentine Education Minister in June 2000, and Australian parliamentary delegations are scheduled to visit Mexico and Chile in January 2001.

Multilaterally, the Department seeks to diversify its area of engagement by participating in regional and international fora, including Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) and the World Trade Organisation (WTO). The focus of Australia’s participation in these fora is to facilitate increased market access to the education markets of our trading partners.

Under the APEC umbrella, DETYA is managing a project to identify measures affecting trade and investment in education services in the Asia-Pacific region. The project will examine all education sectors, and will inform Australia’s participation in the WTO services negotiations.

A new round of services negotiations under the WTO General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) commenced in early 2000. The Government is pursuing negotiations in the education sector in order to encourage liberalisation commitments from WTO members and gain greater access to key markets. The Australian negotiating position will reflect consultation with the Australian education and training industry.

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Protecting the interests of overseas students in Australia

The regulation of Australia’s education export services protects the interests of overseas students and the international reputation of Australian education and training services. It is a vital element of Australia’s international education and training effort. In 2000, the Federal Parliament passed a suite of Bills which aims to strengthen the regulatory framework for the activity of international education/training providers in Australia. This followed a review of the Education Services for Overseas Students (Registration of Providers and Financial Regulation) Act 1991 (ESOS Act), carried out by DETYA in consultation with the Department of Immigration and Multicultural Affairs, State and Territory education authorities and industry peak bodies, including the Australian Vice-Chancellors’ Committee.

Implementation of the new legislation will occur in stages throughout the first half of 2001. The reforms will include a legally enforceable national code of practice. This National Code of Practice for Registration Authorities and Providers of Education and Training for Overseas Students will establish standards to be applied by State and Territory registration authorities in approving providers for inclusion on the Commonwealth Register of Institutions and Courses for Overseas Students (CRICOS), and in monitoring registered providers’ ongoing compliance. Providers found to be in breach of the ESOS Act or the National Code may attract fines or, in the case of a serious breach, the imposition of conditions, suspension or cancellation.

 

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Table 2.1 All overseas students by country of permanent home residence, 2000 (a)

Country of permanent home residence

Total students

Oceania & Antarctica

Antarctica

13

Cook Islands

11

Fiji

702

French Polynesia

15

Kiribati

20

Melanesia

12

New Caledonia

36

New Zealand

98

Papua New Guinea

525

Samoa

47

Solomon Islands

76

Tonga

60

Tuvalu

12

Vanuatu

20

Other Oceania & Antarctica

48

Total Oceania & Antarctica

1 695

North-West Europe

Austria

45

Belgium

34

Denmark

65

England

217

Finland

32

France

167

Germany

463

Ireland

65

Netherlands

90

Norway

1 856

Scotland

19

Sweden

770

Switzerland

126

United Kingdom

422

Other North-West Europe

26

Total North-West Europe

4 397

Southern & Eastern Europe

Bulgaria

17

Croatia

11

Cyprus

23

Czech Republic

29

Eastern Europe

14

Greece

105

Hungary

20

Italy

92

Poland

26

Portugal

20

Romania

13

Russian Federation

113

Slovakia

18

Spain

46

Yugoslavia

24

Other Southern & Eastern Europe

54

Total Southern &
Eastern Europe

625

North Africa & the Middle East

Algeria

14

Egypt

11

Gaza Strip & West Bank

12

Iran

79

Israel

78

Jordan

37

Kuwait

18

Lebanon

37

Middle East

61

Oman

11

Saudi Arabia

43

Turkey

113

United Arab Emirates

183

Other North Africa & the Middle East

26

Total North Africa & the Middle East

723

South-East Asia

Brunei Darussalam

448

Cambodia

102

Indonesia

8 973

Laos

124

Mainland South-East Asia

44

Malaysia

16 362

Maritime South-East Asia

11

Myanmar

108

Philippines

486

Singapore

16 652

Thailand

2 807

Viet Nam

1 348

Total South-East Asia

47 465

North-East Asia

Hong Kong (SAR of China)

13 852

China (excludes SARs & Taiwan Province)

4 387

Taiwan

2 447

Korea, Republic of (South)

1 999

Japan

1 779

Macau

220

Korea (North)

57

Mongolia

20

Other North-East Asia

9

Total North-East Asia

24 770

Southern & Central Asia

Afghanistan

10

Bangladesh

609

Bhutan

48

India

3 899

Maldives

169

Nepal

331

Pakistan

650

Sri Lanka

1 023

Other Southern & Central Asia

36

Total Southern & Central Asia

6 775

Americas

Argentina

39

Brazil

128

Canada

1 112

Chile

29

Colombia

188

Ecuador

11

Honduras

12

Mexico

63

Peru

17

South America

10

United States of America

2 705

Venezuela

23

Other Americas

63

Total Americas

4 400

Sub-Saharan Africa

Botswana

334

Central & West Africa

106

Ethiopia

10

Ghana

20

Kenya

348

Malawi

10

Mauritania

25

Mauritius

269

Mozambique

20

Nigeria

32

Seychelles

23

South Africa

449

Southern & East Africa

15

Tanzania

36

Uganda

49

Zambia

23

Zimbabwe

199

Other Sub-Saharan Africa

43

Total Sub-Saharan Africa

2 011

No Information

Overseas Country not known

1 571

No Information

1 171

Total No Information

2 742

Total Overseas Students

95 603

  1. The ‘Other’ categories within each country region comprise those countries, within each region, that have fewer than ten students.

 

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